TheraRadar
Data updated: May 26, 2026

BETAINE

Methylating Activity
Rare Disease Approved 2021-11-23

Betaine is a medication used for both children and adults who have homocystinuria. It helps patients with this condition by lowering high levels of homocysteine in the blood. This includes people with specific genetic issues like CBS deficiency, MTHFR deficiency, or certain cobalamin metabolism defects.

Source: FDA Label • NOVITIUM PHARMA • Methylating Agent

How BETAINE Works

This drug works by acting as a methyl group donor. It assists in the process of turning homocysteine back into methionine, which helps manage the chemical balance in patients with homocystinuria. Betaine is a naturally occurring substance in the body and can also be found in foods like beets and spinach.

Source: FDA Label
2
Indications
--
Phase 3 Trials
4
Years on Market

Details

Status
Prescription
First Approved
2021-11-23
Routes
ORAL
Dosage Forms
FOR SOLUTION

Companies

Active Ingredient: BETAINE

BETAINE Approval History

2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
Original
New Indication
New Form
Label Update
2 FDA actions from 2021 to 2022
Jan 2022 ORIGINAL
Update
Nov 2021 ORIGINAL
Update

What BETAINE Treats

4 indications

BETAINE is approved for 4 conditions since its original approval in 2021. These indications span multiple therapeutic areas including oncology, immunology, and more.

  • Homocystinuria
  • Cystathionine Beta-Synthase Deficiency
  • Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency
  • Cobalamin Cofactor Metabolism Defect
Source: FDA Label

BETAINE Competitive Set

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Filters applied: drops same-active-ingredient (505(b)(2) reformulations), route-mismatch (topical vs systemic), and cross-therapeutic-area matches in same-indication rings.

Drugs Similar to BETAINE

FDA-approved drugs for similar conditions. Compare mechanisms and indications to understand treatment alternatives.

CYSTADANE
BETAINE
4 shared
RECORDATI RARE
Shared indications:
HomocystinuriaCystathionine Beta-Synthase DeficiencyMethylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency +1 more
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Clinical Trial Registry

6 trials
Trial Sponsor ID Phase Status Title
NCT07276204 Betaine for MASH Ph 2 not yet recruiting Betaine vs. Placebo for Serologically Diagnosed Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis (MASH)
NCT06308367 XWTEBS Ph 2 recruiting The Therapeutic Effect of Betaine in Syringomyelia
NCT02404337 HCTBETAINE P130908 Ph 2 completed Betaine METABOLISM OF PATIENTS With Homocystinuria
NCT01950039 results posted 2013P001265 7-13-CE-17 Ph 2 completed Metabolic Effects of Betaine Supplementation
NCT01838941 results posted RPGDN001 Ph 3 completed Betaine and Peroxisome Biogenesis Disorders
NCT01749982 CABS results posted AAAJ1959 Ph 4 completed A Preliminary Study of Choline and Betaine Supplementation Among Adults Exposed to Arsenic in Bangladesh
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Active Pipeline

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Key Completed Trials

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Trial Timeline

Full development history with FDA approval milestones

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Understanding FDA Approval Types
Count Type What it means
- ORIG Original approval - drug first enters market
- SUPPL - Efficacy New indication (new disease/condition approved)
- SUPPL - Labeling Label text changes (warnings, dosing updates)
- SUPPL - Manufacturing Production changes (new facility)
- SUPPL - Chemistry Formulation changes (new dosage strength)

Green lines in the timeline show ORIG and Efficacy approvals - the clinically meaningful milestones.

BETAINE FDA Label Details

Indications & Usage

BETAINE is indicated for the treatment of Homocystinuria; Cystathionine Beta-Synthase Deficiency; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency; Cobalamin Cofactor Metabolism Defect.

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CYSTADANE

Full clinical data, patents, trials, and competitive landscape for betaine.

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Data Sources

Data sourced from official FDA and NIH databases. Click links to verify on original sources.