Biomarkers in Precision Medicine
Biomarkers are molecular indicators that help predict which patients will respond to specific treatments. They enable precision medicine by matching the right drug to the right patient based on their tumor's genetic profile.
What are biomarkers?
Biomarkers are measurable characteristics (genes, proteins, or other molecules) that indicate whether a patient is likely to benefit from a particular treatment. In oncology, biomarker testing helps identify targeted therapies that work by attacking specific cancer cell vulnerabilities.
Predictive
Predicts response to therapy
Prognostic
Indicates disease outcome
Diagnostic
Helps identify cancer type
25
Unique Biomarkers
20
Major Biomarkers (4+ drugs)
235
Drug-Biomarker Pairs
228
Indications Covered
Most Common Biomarkers (4+ drugs)
ER (Estrogen Receptor)
27 drugs Vasomotor Symptoms, Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy...
ACTIVELLA, ANGELIQ, BIJUVA +24 more
HER2
22 drugs HER2-overexpressing adjuvant breast cancer, HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer...
BIZENGRI, ENHERTU, GILOTRIF +19 more
TNF-alpha
20 drugs Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis...
ABRILADA, AMJEVITA, AVSOLA +17 more
VEGF
17 drugs Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Diabetic Macular Edema...
ALYMSYS, AVASTIN, BEOVU +14 more
EGFR
16 drugs Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer...
ALUNBRIG, CAPRELSA, ERBITUX +13 more
RET
14 drugs Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, Advanced renal cell carcinoma...
ALECENSA, CABOMETYX, CAPRELSA +11 more
PD-1
11 drugs Melanoma, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer...
JEMPERLI, KEYTRUDA, KEYTRUDA QLEX +8 more
ROS1
11 drugs ROS1-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in adults, NTRK gene fusion-positive solid tumors in adult and pediatric patients older than 1 month...
ALUNBRIG, AUGTYRO, CABOMETYX +8 more
FGFR
10 drugs Cholangiocarcinoma, Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms...
BALVERSA, GAVRETO, ICLUSIG +7 more
FLT3
10 drugs Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor, Renal Cell Carcinoma...
GAVRETO, ICLUSIG, INREBIC +7 more
MET
10 drugs Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Medullary Thyroid Cancer...
CABOMETYX, COMETRIQ, EMRELIS +7 more
BCR-ABL
8 drugs Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia...
BOSULIF, DANZITEN, DASATINIB +5 more
NTRK
8 drugs ROS1-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in adults, NTRK gene fusion-positive solid tumors in adult and pediatric patients older than 1 month...
AUGTYRO, GAVRETO, IBTROZI +5 more
ALK
7 drugs ROS1-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in adults, NTRK gene fusion-positive solid tumors in adult and pediatric patients older than 1 month...
ALECENSA, ALUNBRIG, ENSACOVE +4 more
BRAF
7 drugs Low-Grade Glioma, Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma...
NEXAVAR, OJEMDA, QINLOCK +4 more
AR (Androgen Receptor)
7 drugs Acne Vulgaris, Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer...
APALUTAMIDE, CASODEX, ERLEADA +4 more
PD-L1
5 drugs Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer...
BAVENCIO, IMFINZI, TECENTRIQ +2 more
BTK
5 drugs Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia...
CALQUENCE, IMBRUVICA, JAYPIRCA +2 more
PR (Progesterone Receptor)
5 drugs Hyperglycemia, Hypercortisolism...
KORLYM, MIFEPREX, MIFEPRISTONE +2 more
CDK4/6
4 drugs Hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, node-positive, early breast cancer at high risk of recurrence, Hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer as initial endocrine-based therapy...
COSELA, IBRANCE, KISQALI +1 more
Other Biomarkers (2-3 drugs)
All Biomarkers
| Biomarker | Drugs | Indications |
|---|---|---|
| ER (Estrogen Receptor) | 27 | Vasomotor Symptoms, Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy, Osteoporosis... |
| HER2 | 22 | HER2-overexpressing adjuvant breast cancer, HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer, HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma... |
| TNF-alpha | 20 | Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis... |
| VEGF | 17 | Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Diabetic Macular Edema, Metastatic Colorectal Cancer... |
| EGFR | 16 | Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer... |
| RET | 14 | Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, Advanced renal cell carcinoma, Locally recurrent or metastatic, progressive, differentiated thyroid carcinoma refractory to radioactive iodine treatment... |
| PD-1 | 11 | Melanoma, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Renal Cell Carcinoma... |
| ROS1 | 11 | ROS1-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in adults, NTRK gene fusion-positive solid tumors in adult and pediatric patients older than 1 month, Medullary Thyroid Cancer... |
| FGFR | 10 | Cholangiocarcinoma, Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms, Renal Cell Carcinoma... |
| FLT3 | 10 | Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor, Renal Cell Carcinoma, Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor... |
| MET | 10 | Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Medullary Thyroid Cancer, Advanced renal cell carcinoma... |
| BCR-ABL | 8 | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia... |
| NTRK | 8 | ROS1-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in adults, NTRK gene fusion-positive solid tumors in adult and pediatric patients older than 1 month, Neurotrophic Keratitis... |
| ALK | 7 | ROS1-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in adults, NTRK gene fusion-positive solid tumors in adult and pediatric patients older than 1 month, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer... |
| BRAF | 7 | Low-Grade Glioma, Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, Advanced renal cell carcinoma... |
| AR (Androgen Receptor) | 7 | Acne Vulgaris, Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer, Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer... |
| PD-L1 | 5 | Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Small Cell Lung Cancer... |
| BTK | 5 | Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia... |
| PR (Progesterone Receptor) | 5 | Hyperglycemia, Hypercortisolism, Cushing's Syndrome... |
| CDK4/6 | 4 | Hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, node-positive, early breast cancer at high risk of recurrence, Hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer as initial endocrine-based therapy, Hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer with disease progression following endocrine therapy... |
| IDH1 | 3 | Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Cholangiocarcinoma... |
| IDH2 | 2 | Astrocytoma, Oligodendroglioma, Acute Myeloid Leukemia |
| PIK3CA | 2 | PIK3CA-Related Overgrowth Spectrum, Breast Cancer |
| VEGFR | 2 | Medullary Thyroid Cancer, Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia |
| KRAS | 2 | KRAS G12C-mutated locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, KRAS G12C-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer, KRAS G12C-mutated locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)... |