Biomarkers in Precision Medicine
Biomarkers are molecular indicators that help predict which patients will respond to specific treatments. They enable precision medicine by matching the right drug to the right patient based on their tumor's genetic profile.
What are biomarkers?
Biomarkers are measurable characteristics (genes, proteins, or other molecules) that indicate whether a patient is likely to benefit from a particular treatment. In oncology, biomarker testing helps identify targeted therapies that work by attacking specific cancer cell vulnerabilities.
Predictive
Predicts response to therapy
Prognostic
Indicates disease outcome
Diagnostic
Helps identify cancer type
25
Unique Biomarkers
20
Major Biomarkers (4+ drugs)
235
Drug-Biomarker Pairs
228
Indications Covered
Most Common Biomarkers (4+ drugs)
ER (Estrogen Receptor)
27 drugs Breast Cancer, Osteoporosis...
ACTIVELLA, ANGELIQ, BIJUVA +24 more
HER2
22 drugs HER2-overexpressing adjuvant breast cancer, HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer...
BIZENGRI, ENHERTU, GILOTRIF +19 more
TNF-alpha
20 drugs Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis...
ABRILADA, AMJEVITA, AVSOLA +17 more
VEGF
17 drugs Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer...
ALYMSYS, AVASTIN, BEOVU +14 more
EGFR
16 drugs Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer...
ALUNBRIG, CAPRELSA, ERBITUX +13 more
RET
14 drugs Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Metastatic RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer...
ALECENSA, CABOMETYX, CAPRELSA +11 more
ROS1
11 drugs Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Solid Tumors...
ALUNBRIG, AUGTYRO, CABOMETYX +8 more
PD-1
11 drugs Esophageal Cancer, Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma...
JEMPERLI, KEYTRUDA, KEYTRUDA QLEX +8 more
FLT3
10 drugs Myelofibrosis, Metastatic RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer...
GAVRETO, ICLUSIG, INREBIC +7 more
FGFR
10 drugs Metastatic RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer, Advanced or metastatic RET fusion-positive thyroid cancer...
BALVERSA, GAVRETO, ICLUSIG +7 more
MET
10 drugs Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Medullary Thyroid Cancer...
CABOMETYX, COMETRIQ, EMRELIS +7 more
NTRK
8 drugs Solid tumors with a neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) gene fusion without a known acquired resistance mutation, Metastatic solid tumors with NTRK gene fusion...
AUGTYRO, GAVRETO, IBTROZI +5 more
BCR-ABL
8 drugs Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia...
BOSULIF, DANZITEN, DASATINIB +5 more
ALK
7 drugs Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma...
ALECENSA, ALUNBRIG, ENSACOVE +4 more
BRAF
7 drugs Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Renal Cell Carcinoma...
NEXAVAR, OJEMDA, QINLOCK +4 more
AR (Androgen Receptor)
7 drugs Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer, Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer...
APALUTAMIDE, CASODEX, ERLEADA +4 more
BTK
5 drugs Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia...
CALQUENCE, IMBRUVICA, JAYPIRCA +2 more
PD-L1
5 drugs Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Small Cell Lung Cancer...
BAVENCIO, IMFINZI, TECENTRIQ +2 more
PR (Progesterone Receptor)
5 drugs Heavy Menstrual Bleeding, Uterine Leiomyoma...
KORLYM, MIFEPREX, MIFEPRISTONE +2 more
CDK4/6
4 drugs Breast Cancer, Hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with an aromatase inhibitor as initial endocrine-based therapy...
COSELA, IBRANCE, KISQALI +1 more
Other Biomarkers (2-3 drugs)
All Biomarkers
| Biomarker | Drugs | Indications |
|---|---|---|
| ER (Estrogen Receptor) | 27 | Breast Cancer, Osteoporosis, Vasomotor Symptoms... |
| HER2 | 22 | HER2-overexpressing adjuvant breast cancer, HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer, HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma... |
| TNF-alpha | 20 | Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis... |
| VEGF | 17 | Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Glioblastoma... |
| EGFR | 16 | Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer, Breast Cancer... |
| RET | 14 | Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Metastatic RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer, Advanced or metastatic RET fusion-positive thyroid cancer... |
| ROS1 | 11 | Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Solid Tumors, Medullary Thyroid Cancer... |
| PD-1 | 11 | Esophageal Cancer, Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Gastric Cancer... |
| FLT3 | 10 | Myelofibrosis, Metastatic RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer, Advanced or metastatic RET fusion-positive thyroid cancer... |
| FGFR | 10 | Metastatic RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer, Advanced or metastatic RET fusion-positive thyroid cancer, Renal Cell Carcinoma... |
| MET | 10 | Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Medullary Thyroid Cancer, First-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR exon 19 deletions or exon 21 L858R substitution mutations (in combination with lazertinib)... |
| NTRK | 8 | Solid tumors with a neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) gene fusion without a known acquired resistance mutation, Metastatic solid tumors with NTRK gene fusion, Solid tumors with NTRK gene fusion where surgical resection is likely to result in severe morbidity... |
| BCR-ABL | 8 | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia... |
| ALK | 7 | Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor... |
| BRAF | 7 | Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Renal Cell Carcinoma, Thyroid Carcinoma... |
| AR (Androgen Receptor) | 7 | Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer, Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer... |
| BTK | 5 | Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia... |
| PD-L1 | 5 | Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Small Cell Lung Cancer, Metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma in adults and pediatric patients 12 years and older... |
| PR (Progesterone Receptor) | 5 | Heavy Menstrual Bleeding, Uterine Leiomyoma, Endometriosis... |
| CDK4/6 | 4 | Breast Cancer, Hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with an aromatase inhibitor as initial endocrine-based therapy, Hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with fulvestrant in patients with disease progression following endocrine therapy... |
| IDH1 | 3 | Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Cholangiocarcinoma... |
| IDH2 | 2 | Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Astrocytoma, Oligodendroglioma |
| VEGFR | 2 | Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Medullary Thyroid Cancer |
| PIK3CA | 2 | PIK3CA-Related Overgrowth Spectrum, Breast Cancer |
| KRAS | 2 | KRAS G12C-mutated locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), KRAS G12C-mutated locally advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), KRAS G12C-mutated locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer... |