CD274 Targeted Therapies
5 drugsAbout CD274
CD274, also known as PD-L1, is a transmembrane protein that suppresses the immune system by binding to PD-1 on T cells, inhibiting their activation and effector functions. This mechanism is often exploited by cancer cells to evade immune surveillance.
CD274 is a therapeutic target with strong genetic support (max score 0.74) linking it to hypothyroidism, ulcerative colitis and myxedema. Targeting CD274 to modulate immune responses has shown promise in treating cancer and other diseases.
CD274 is targeted by 5 FDA-approved drugs including BAVENCIO, IMFINZI, TECENTRIQ, TECENTRIQ HYBREZA and UNLOXCYT, with antibody (3 drugs) and biologic (2 drugs) modalities. These drugs are approved for oncology (3 drugs) and other conditions.
CD274 Genetic Evidence Strong
CD274 has strong genetic support with a max score of 0.74 linking it to hypothyroidism.
Strong genetic support suggests CD274-targeting therapies may have higher success rates for genetically linked diseases.
Evidence Across Diseases
4 totalGWAS and other genetic studies link CD274 to 4 diseases.
🔗 Colocalization Evidence 20 strong
max H4: 1.00eQTL/pQTL signals for CD274 colocalize with these GWAS traits, providing causal evidence that gene expression changes drive disease risk.
Understanding these scores
Association Score (0-1): Combines all evidence types (genetic, literature, drugs, animal models). Higher = more evidence linking target to disease. This is a ranking heuristic, not a confidence score.
L2G Score: Open Targets uses a machine learning model (Locus-to-Gene) to predict which gene is causal at each GWAS locus. L2G=0.5 means ~50% probability of being the causal gene. Only associations with L2G > 0.05 are included.
Odds Ratio (OR): From gene burden studies (UK Biobank, AstraZeneca PheWAS). Measures how loss-of-function variants affect disease risk. OR<1 = protective (inhibiting target may help), OR>1 = risk (losing function causes disease).
Beta (β): Effect size for continuous traits. β<0 = protective, β>0 = risk.
Clinical Translation (~1.8x): Based on Nelson et al. 2015: drug targets with genetic evidence have ~2x higher success rates in clinical trials. We estimate: Strong support (score ≥0.7) → ~1.8x, Moderate (0.3-0.7) → ~1.3x, Weak → baseline.
Colocalization (H4): Tests whether a GWAS signal and an eQTL/pQTL signal share the same causal variant. H4 is the posterior probability that both traits are associated AND share a causal variant. H4 > 0.8 = strong evidence that gene expression/protein levels drive disease risk. This links genetic variation → gene expression → disease, supporting the target-disease connection.
Top CD274 Drugs
Four companies have approved drugs targeting CD274, including EMD SERONO INC, Roche and AstraZeneca.
The presence of multiple players indicates a competitive market, requiring differentiated strategies for new entrants.
| Drug | Company | Approved | Indications |
|---|---|---|---|
| UNLOXCYT | CHECKPOINT THERAPEUTICS INC | 2024 | 1 |
| TECENTRIQ HYBREZA | Roche | 2024 | 1 |
CD274 Drug Modality Landscape
Modalities
Routes of Administration
CD274 is exclusively targeted by antibodies, suggesting it may be a cell-surface or secreted protein.
The presence of biologic drugs suggests opportunities for novel small molecule inhibitors to enter the market.
📈 Modality Evolution
Antibodies pioneered CD274 targeting (2016), with other biologics entering more recently (2024).
CD274 Clinical Trials 1,524 trials
Phase 1-4 trials started in 2008 or later that test an FDA-approved drug acting on CD274. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov. How we count
Completion by Phase
| Phase | Total | Completed | Stopped | Active | Completion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 1 | 524 | 196 | 148 | 177 | 57% |
| Phase 2 | 778 | 229 | 160 | 386 | 59% |
| Phase 3 | 209 | 70 | 21 | 118 | 77% |
| Phase 4 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 80% |
Top Sponsors
By Modality
Top Conditions
Top Drugs
Phase 3 Readout Calendar Pro
8 Phase 3 trials testing approved CD274 drugs across all sponsors.
Coverage: trials whose intervention is an approved drug targeting CD274. Pre-approval candidates with development codes (e.g. AZD0901, MK-7240) are not yet linked. Anchored on CT.gov primary completion date.
CD274 Drug Approval Timeline (2016 - 2024)
The first CD274-targeting drug was approved in 2016, with the most recent approval in 2024.
Continued approvals suggest ongoing innovation and market potential for CD274-targeted therapies.
Pro Intelligence Preview
Deep insights for drug target analysis
Competitive Landscape
- • 4 companies competing
- • Market share by company
Full Drug Portfolio
- • All 5 approved drugs
- • Approval dates & indications
Genetic Validation
- • Full genetic evidence table
- • Effect sizes & directions
Approval Timeline
- • Full 5-drug timeline
- • First-of-modality markers
Clinical Trials Analysis
- • Sponsors: 501 (147 companies)
- • Completion rates by condition
Full summary • All drugs • Genetic evidence • Trials • Timeline
How We Count Trials
- Trials: phase 1-4 interventional trials on ClinicalTrials.gov that started in 2008 or later and test an FDA-approved drug acting on CD274. A trial counts if an approved drug acting on CD274 is in any arm, including as a comparator, and a trial that tests two such drugs counts once. Trials that test only unapproved drugs are not counted. A trial listed as phase 1/2 counts as phase 1, and phase 2/3 as phase 2.
- Active: recruiting, not yet recruiting, enrolling by invitation, or active and no longer recruiting.
- Completion rate: of the trials that have ended, the share marked Completed rather than Terminated or Withdrawn. Completed means the trial ended as planned; it does not mean the drug worked. Suspended trials are not counted as ended.
- Stopped: terminated or withdrawn. Trials stop for many reasons, including slow enrolment and business decisions, not only safety or efficacy.
- Sponsors: the lead sponsor of each trial. Companies are the sponsors ClinicalTrials.gov classes as industry; the rest are universities, hospitals, cooperative groups, government bodies and individuals.