Insulin receptor Analogs
20 drugsAbout Insulin receptor
The Insulin Receptor (INSR) is a transmembrane receptor activated by insulin, regulating glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Upon insulin binding, the receptor activates intracellular signaling cascades, promoting glucose uptake and utilization in target tissues.
INSR is a key therapeutic target validated by strong genetic evidence (max score 0.93) linking loss-of-function variants to diseases like Leprechaunism and insulin-resistance syndrome type A. Activation of INSR is likely beneficial based on genetic data.
There are 20 FDA-approved drugs targeting INSR, primarily biologics (19 drugs) and peptides (1 drug), indicated for metabolic diseases. Top drugs include BASAGLAR, REZVOGLAR and SEMGLEE, marketed by companies like Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk.
Strategic Insights
ℹ️ How we calculate- White space opportunity in Sepsis with only 4 trials.
Human Genetic Evidence Strong
Strong genetic evidence supports INSR as a drug target, with a maximum score of 0.93.
The strong genetic support suggests a higher probability of clinical success for INSR-targeting drugs.
💡 Why activation?
- • Loss-of-function variants increase disease risk (OR > 1) — restoring function may help
- • 100% directional consistency across 3 traits
- • Strong signal in genetic, familial or congenital disease, endocrine system disease, nutritional or metabolic disease pathways
Cross-Disease Effects
Trade-off: LowDirection of Effect
100% alignedEvidence Across Diseases
20 totalGWAS and other genetic studies link INSR to 43 diseases.
Loss-of-function causes disease; activation may help
Loss-of-function causes disease; activation may help
🔗 Colocalization Evidence 20 strong
max H4: 1.00eQTL/pQTL signals for INSR colocalize with these GWAS traits, providing causal evidence that gene expression changes drive disease risk.
Understanding these scores
Association Score (0-1): Combines all evidence types (genetic, literature, drugs, animal models). Higher = more evidence linking target to disease. This is a ranking heuristic, not a confidence score.
L2G Score: Open Targets uses a machine learning model (Locus-to-Gene) to predict which gene is causal at each GWAS locus. L2G=0.5 means ~50% probability of being the causal gene. Only associations with L2G > 0.05 are included.
Odds Ratio (OR): From gene burden studies (UK Biobank, AstraZeneca PheWAS). Measures how loss-of-function variants affect disease risk. OR<1 = protective (inhibiting target may help), OR>1 = risk (losing function causes disease).
Beta (β): Effect size for continuous traits. β<0 = protective, β>0 = risk.
Clinical Translation (~1.8x): Based on Nelson et al. 2015: drug targets with genetic evidence have ~2x higher success rates in clinical trials. We estimate: Strong support (score ≥0.7) → ~1.8x, Moderate (0.3-0.7) → ~1.3x, Weak → baseline.
Colocalization (H4): Tests whether a GWAS signal and an eQTL/pQTL signal share the same causal variant. H4 is the posterior probability that both traits are associated AND share a causal variant. H4 > 0.8 = strong evidence that gene expression/protein levels drive disease risk. This links genetic variation → gene expression → disease, supporting the target-disease connection.
Top Drugs
Seven companies have approved drugs targeting INSR, with Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk as leading players.
The concentrated market share of Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk indicates high barriers to entry for new competitors.
| Drug | Company | Approved | Indications |
|---|---|---|---|
| REZVOGLAR | Eli Lilly | 2021 | 2 |
| SOLIQUA 100/33 | SANOFI-AVENTIS US | 2016 | 2 |
| SEMGLEE | Viatris | 2020 | 2 |
| FIASP PENFILL | Novo Nordisk | 2017 | 1 |
| FIASP | Novo Nordisk | 2017 | 1 |
| FIASP FLEXTOUCH | Novo Nordisk | 2017 | 1 |
| MERILOG | SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. LLC | 2025 | 1 |
| MERILOG SOLOSTAR | SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. LLC | 2025 | 1 |
| MYXREDLIN | Baxter | 2019 | 1 |
| LYUMJEV | Eli Lilly | 2020 | 1 |
| NOVOLOG | Novo Nordisk | 2000 | 1 |
| NOVOLOG MIX 70/30 | Novo Nordisk | 2001 | 1 |
| LEVEMIR | Novo Nordisk | 2005 | 1 |
| TRESIBA | Novo Nordisk | 2015 | 1 |
| LANTUS | Sanofi | 2000 | 1 |
| HUMALOG KWIKPEN | Eli Lilly | 1996 | 1 |
| HUMALOG | Eli Lilly | 1996 | 1 |
Drug Modality Landscape
Modalities
Routes of Administration
Insulin receptor requires biologic approaches (biologic (other)), likely due to its structure or location.
The dominance of biologics suggests a potential whitespace opportunity for novel small molecule INSR activators.
📈 Modality Evolution
other biologics pioneered Insulin receptor targeting (1996), with peptides entering more recently (2016).
Clinical Trials 1,067 trials
Completion by Phase
| Phase | Total | Completed | Failed | Active | Completion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 1 | 319 | 284 | 16 | 18 | 95% |
| Phase 2 | 161 | 109 | 23 | 28 | 83% |
| Phase 3 | 306 | 269 | 18 | 19 | 94% |
| Phase 4 | 281 | 218 | 33 | 29 | 87% |
Top Sponsors
By Modality
Top Conditions
Top Drugs
Phase 3 Readout Calendar Pro
5 Phase 3 trials testing approved Insulin receptor drugs across all sponsors.
Coverage: trials whose intervention is an approved drug targeting Insulin receptor. Pre-approval candidates with development codes (e.g. AZD0901, MK-7240) are not yet linked. Anchored on CT.gov primary completion date.
Drug Approval Timeline (1996 - 2025)
The first INSR-targeting drug was approved in 1996, with the most recent approval in 2025, spanning 30 years.
The continued approval of INSR-targeting drugs suggests sustained interest and potential for further innovation in this area.
Pro Intelligence Preview
Deep insights for drug target analysis
Competitive Landscape
- • 7 companies competing
- • Market share by company
Full Drug Portfolio
- • All 20 approved drugs
- • Approval dates & indications
Genetic Validation
- • Full genetic evidence table
- • Effect sizes & directions
Approval Timeline
- • Full 20-drug timeline
- • First-of-modality markers
Clinical Trials Analysis
- • Competition: High (15 sponsors)
- • White space: 5 underexplored indications
- • Success rates by condition
Full summary • All drugs • Genetic evidence • Trials • Timeline
How We Calculate These Metrics
Target Attractiveness Score
A 0-100 score based on trial activity, sponsor diversity, and completion rates. Calculated from 529 clinical trials targeting Insulin receptor.
Completion rate: Percentage of trials that reached their planned endpoint. Trials terminated early, withdrawn, or suspended are not counted—these often indicate safety issues, lack of efficacy, or strategic pivots.
- Highly Attractive (80+): High trial activity, many sponsors, strong completion rates
- Attractive (60-79): Good trial activity and validation
- Moderate (40-59): Moderate interest from sponsors
- Low (under 40): Limited trial activity or validation concerns
Strategic Insights
Auto-generated insights based on trial analytics including competition intensity, white space opportunities, modality shifts, and failure patterns. We analyze trial sponsors, phases, indications, and outcomes.
Risk Signals
- High Competition: Many sponsors competing for this target (may reduce market opportunity)
- High Failure Risk: Low trial completion rates suggest development challenges
- Low Validation: Limited trial activity or poor outcomes indicate uncertain viability
- White Space Available: Underexplored indications present opportunities